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要看一個打者的強度不是取決於 打擊率高低 全壘打多寡 而是取決於OPS (攻擊指數)
OPS(攻擊指數)是一個相當簡單的統計量,它由兩個結構完全不同的數字去相加,既不在兩者間取權重(weight)也不做任何修正(adjustment),一眼看 下去的確很難解釋它有什麼實質意義。
主要是MLB一些專門搞棒球統計學的學者在研究中所發現,如果要評斷一位選手的攻擊 價值,與傳統的統計量:如AVG(打擊率)、OBP(上壘率)與SLG(長打率)相比,OPS在很多方面的表現是比較優的。
一 個例子:Clay Davenport曾經發表過一篇關於EqA(Equivalent Average)的文章,當然他的main purpose並不在於闡述OPS這個統計量有多好,但文章的內容裡,他使用了1871到2003年的資料來比較AVG、OBP、SLG、OPS這四個項 目與RPPA(Runs Per Plate Appearance、每個打「席」所能製造的得分)的相關性(correlation),發現這四個統計量與RPPA的相關係數 (correlation coefficient)分別是:
AVG(0.828) < OBP(0.866) < SLG(0.89) < OPS(0.922)
當然我也建議:如果你不是棒球統計學 (sabermetrics)中毒者,可以不用瞭解那麼深,整體說來,OPS實質上就是一種攻擊能力的依據,只須要知道在『大樣本』的情況下,兩個OPS 相同的人對球隊的得分方面的貢獻其實是差不多的。
簡單的例子,拿遊騎兵的A. Soriano和紅襪的J. Damon相比(7月25日止):
AVG:Soriano(.279) < Damon (.334)
OBP:Soriano(.315) < Damon (.377)
SLG:Soriano(.540) > Damon (.473)
光 看這三項,Damon似乎比較好,但是兩個人的OPS卻差不多,這就代表了在某種程度上,Soriano可以提供的火力支援和Damon是差不多 的,Damon重在上壘,Soriano則重在Extra-Base的推進。簡單的說,OPS像是把「保送上壘兩次」和「一支二壘安打」看成是等價 (equivalent)的東西。
當然,OPS所忽略的是跑者的速度與各球場的特性,像是:即使Ichiro與 Posada(洋基捕手)的OPS幾乎相同,這兩個人上到壘包後所帶來的破壞力是OPS裡所看不到的;如果在Coors Field(洛磯山隊的主場)打球,出現的長打也會不知不覺得變多....等等因素。也因此Clay Davenport在他闡述的統計量「EqA」裡加入了SB(盜壘)的因素;更不乏有學者去計算Park-Adjusted OPS。
與 OPS相關的文獻還不少,有興趣的朋友順著幾個關鍵字去找文章來讀讀,或許這個暑假也許不夠你用...
本季攻擊指數前40名的打者
Bautista 是本季聯盟最強的打擊者
Berkman則是國聯第1強打
Sortable Batting | RK | PLAYER | TEAM | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | CS | BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | 1 | Jose Bautista | TOR | 340 | 78 | 110 | 18 | 1 | 31 | 71 | 5 | 3 | 84 | 63 | .324 | .459 | .656 | 1.115 | 2 | Lance Berkman | STL | 311 | 62 | 89 | 13 | 0 | 28 | 72 | 0 | 3 | 59 | 61 | .286 | .397 | .598 | .995 | 3 | Matt Kemp | LAD | 392 | 66 | 125 | 23 | 3 | 26 | 83 | 28 | 3 | 50 | 99 | .319 | .395 | .592 | .987 | 4 | Adrian Gonzalez | BOS | 433 | 76 | 154 | 32 | 3 | 18 | 90 | 1 | 0 | 42 | 77 | .356 | .416 | .568 | .984 | 5 | Ryan Braun | MIL | 364 | 68 | 118 | 26 | 3 | 21 | 72 | 19 | 4 | 41 | 62 | .324 | .395 | .585 | .980 | 6 | Miguel Cabrera | DET | 376 | 73 | 117 | 25 | 0 | 22 | 68 | 1 | 1 | 75 | 64 | .311 | .426 | .553 | .979 | 7 | Matt Holliday | STL | 293 | 56 | 92 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 45 | 60 | .314 | .414 | .553 | .967 | 8 | Prince Fielder | MIL | 381 | 62 | 112 | 24 | 1 | 24 | 76 | 0 | 0 | 71 | 70 | .294 | .413 | .551 | .964 | 9 | Joey Votto | CIN | 402 | 69 | 129 | 24 | 2 | 17 | 69 | 6 | 4 | 75 | 82 | .321 | .430 | .517 | .947 | 10 | Paul Konerko | CHW | 371 | 50 | 113 | 16 | 0 | 25 | 76 | 1 | 1 | 50 | 64 | .305 | .384 | .550 | .934 | RK | PLAYER | TEAM | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | CS | BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | 11 | Curtis Granderson | NYY | 394 | 96 | 107 | 17 | 8 | 28 | 79 | 19 | 9 | 53 | 115 | .272 | .362 | .569 | .931 | 12 | Justin Upton | ARI | 414 | 69 | 125 | 30 | 4 | 21 | 65 | 16 | 7 | 43 | 83 | .302 | .379 | .546 | .925 | 13 | David Ortiz | BOS | 362 | 56 | 105 | 28 | 1 | 20 | 68 | 1 | 1 | 49 | 52 | .290 | .375 | .539 | .914 | 14 | Michael Morse | WSH | 334 | 47 | 105 | 26 | 0 | 17 | 59 | 2 | 3 | 20 | 83 | .314 | .365 | .545 | .910 | 15 | Shane Victorino | PHI | 316 | 63 | 96 | 17 | 12 | 10 | 38 | 15 | 3 | 34 | 37 | .304 | .379 | .528 | .907 | 16 | Dustin Pedroia | BOS | 419 | 73 | 130 | 25 | 2 | 15 | 57 | 21 | 3 | 69 | 51 | .310 | .406 | .487 | .893 | 17 | Jacoby Ellsbury | BOS | 438 | 81 | 140 | 30 | 2 | 17 | 63 | 31 | 10 | 36 | 66 | .320 | .376 | .514 | .890 | 18 | Brian McCann | ATL | 333 | 43 | 102 | 15 | 0 | 18 | 55 | 3 | 1 | 37 | 57 | .306 | .375 | .514 | .889 | 19 | Jose Reyes | NYM | 415 | 78 | 141 | 26 | 16 | 4 | 35 | 32 | 7 | 29 | 29 | .340 | .380 | .508 | .889 | 20 | Jhonny Peralta | DET | 348 | 46 | 110 | 19 | 3 | 16 | 62 | 0 | 2 | 25 | 60 | .316 | .361 | .526 | .887 | RK | PLAYER | TEAM | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | CS | BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | 21 | Carlos Beltran | NYM/SF | 374 | 62 | 106 | 30 | 3 | 15 | 67 | 3 | 0 | 61 | 67 | .283 | .383 | .500 | .883 | 22 | Kevin Youkilis | BOS | 356 | 59 | 98 | 28 | 2 | 15 | 75 | 3 | 0 | 57 | 81 | .275 | .389 | .492 | .881 | 23 | Ben Zobrist | TB | 393 | 70 | 111 | 34 | 5 | 14 | 61 | 12 | 4 | 57 | 84 | .282 | .374 | .501 | .875 | 24 | Todd Helton | COL | 322 | 45 | 100 | 21 | 0 | 11 | 54 | 0 | 1 | 47 | 50 | .311 | .396 | .478 | .874 | 25 | Alex Gordon | KC | 420 | 63 | 127 | 31 | 4 | 14 | 58 | 9 | 6 | 46 | 92 | .302 | .376 | .495 | .872 | 26 | Albert Pujols | STL | 372 | 67 | 104 | 19 | 0 | 24 | 65 | 6 | 0 | 37 | 33 | .280 | .346 | .524 | .870 | 27 | Michael Young | TEX | 426 | 54 | 143 | 33 | 4 | 9 | 73 | 4 | 2 | 27 | 55 | .336 | .373 | .495 | .868 | 28 | Mike Stanton | FLA | 370 | 59 | 96 | 19 | 4 | 25 | 67 | 3 | 2 | 38 | 115 | .259 | .333 | .535 | .868 | 29 | Troy Tulowitzki | COL | 405 | 53 | 116 | 27 | 2 | 20 | 73 | 8 | 3 | 41 | 48 | .286 | .354 | .511 | .865 | 30 | Mark Teixeira | NYY | 402 | 63 | 101 | 17 | 0 | 29 | 79 | 2 | 1 | 54 | 70 | .251 | .348 | .510 | .858 | RK | PLAYER | TEAM | AB | R | H | 2B | 3B | HR | RBI | SB | CS | BB | SO | AVG | OBP | SLG | OPS | 31 | Alex Rodriguez | NYY | 305 | 53 | 90 | 19 | 0 | 13 | 52 | 4 | 1 | 32 | 67 | .295 | .366 | .485 | .852 | 32 | Andrew McCutchen | PIT | 391 | 58 | 107 | 25 | 4 | 15 | 63 | 16 | 6 | 61 | 78 | .274 | .377 | .473 | .851 | 33 | Carlos Gonzalez | COL | 342 | 63 | 99 | 18 | 3 | 15 | 56 | 16 | 4 | 35 | 77 | .289 | .358 | .491 | .849 | 34 | Asdrubal Cabrera | CLE | 423 | 65 | 124 | 25 | 3 | 19 | 65 | 13 | 3 | 28 | 78 | .293 | .347 | .501 | .848 | 35 | Carlos Quentin | CHW | 361 | 44 | 94 | 26 | 0 | 20 | 62 | 1 | 1 | 31 | 69 | .260 | .349 | .499 | .848 | 36 | Nelson Cruz | TEX | 336 | 44 | 88 | 21 | 1 | 23 | 69 | 6 | 4 | 23 | 89 | .262 | .311 | .536 | .847 | 37 | Michael Cuddyer | MIN | 386 | 55 | 115 | 19 | 1 | 16 | 55 | 8 | 1 | 42 | 65 | .298 | .370 | .477 | .846 | 38 | Gaby Sanchez | FLA | 397 | 53 | 115 | 25 | 0 | 16 | 60 | 2 | 1 | 51 | 69 | .290 | .369 | .474 | .843 | 39 | Robinson Cano | NYY | 414 | 66 | 122 | 27 | 5 | 16 | 69 | 7 | 1 | 23 | 61 | .295 | .341 | .500 | .841 | 40 | Freddie Freeman | ATL | 388 | 50 | 115 | 25 | 0 | 15 | 52 | 4 | 3 | 39 | 98 | .296 | .364 | .477 | .841 |
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